In 2025, according to the U.S. Census the five states that lost the most population per 1000 were Vermont, Hawaii, West Virginia, New Mexico and California. The states that increased the most in popoulation were Utah, Texas North and South Carolina, and Idaho, with all showing double digit gains.

Population in State is the number of residents in each state. Because the official U.S. Census is performed every ten years, we use the yearly intercensal population estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau. This study estimates the states' populations as of July 1 in the given year. 

Population in State Rate of Change Per 1,000 represents the change in state population in a given year for every 1,000 residents.